THE PARTITION OF AFRICA DURING THE BERLIN CONFERENCE IN 1884-1885
What is Berlin conference?
Was the Imperialist meeting which was hold among European power in Berlin (the capital city of Germany) for the aim of dividing up the Africa continent peacefully.
>The conference was hold by chancellor OTTO VON BISMARCK of Germany from November 1884 to February 1885
THE ATTENDANTS
The attendants of Berlin conference were fourteen (14) European power who had interested in Africa such as British, Portugal, Spain, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, Sweden, Norway,U.S.A, Denmark, Austria-Hungary and Netherland
Note:U.S.A and Denmark attended in Berlin conference as observes, while Africans were not attended in the meeting because they were main agenda of the conference.
MOTIVES/REASONS/OBJECTIVES OF THE BERLIN CONFERENCE OF 1884-1885
(Why was the conference convened?)
Addressive the problems in Europe
To provide guideline for future acquisition of colonies in Africa
To find the ways of partition of Africa
To look the way of controlling Africa
To prevent war
To identify richness area
To solve some claims.exaple Portugal claims over Congo
To confirm the information brought by agent
OTTO VON BISMARCK wanted to pat himself in the world of history
EVENT LEADING TO BERLIN CONFERENCE OF 1884-1885
>The event were
Scramble for Africa
The roles of agent
Industrialization in Europe
The role of Otto von Bismarck
Conflict among European power
THE PRINCIPAL/TERMS AGREEMENT/RESOLUTION REACHED DURING BERLIN CONFERENCE
**All Europe an power agree on the following terms.
a) Abolition of slave trade
->All agree to stop slave trade to favor regitimate trade
b) Notification of other power
>This agreed inorder to reduce conflicts
c) Freedom of Navigation
>The major water bodies like lakes, rivers and ocean should be used to All power for trading activities
d) Freedom of trade
>The area with high like Congo,Niger and Egypt where to be used by all power for trading activities
e) Effective occupation
>Any European nations which have claimed in Africa should occupy the colonies immediately.
f) Missionary Tolerance
>The Missionary in the colonies were allowed to conduct their preaching without being interfered
g)To suppress the Africa resistance
THE EFFECT/OUTCOMES/THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE BERLIN CONFERENCE TO AFRICA
i) Drawing of boundaries
>The boundaries between country were established
ii) Formation of modern state
>Example Gold coast (Ghana), Nyasaland (Malawi), Tanganyika (Tanzania)
iii) Introduction of legitimate trade
>The trade based on the collection of minerals and other natural products.The trade which replaced slave trade.
iv) Total colonization of Africa
>The Berlin conference had led to the African continent to be partitioned and colonised by European power easily
v) Total abolition of slave trade
>The Berlin conference had resulted to total abolition of slave trade within many parts of African colonies
vi) Formation of other treaties
>Example Delimitation and Heligoland treat between Germany, British and Sultan since both were struggling for those area and were not satisfied
vii) Separation of tribes
>Example Kurya and Masai who fell in Tanganyika and Kenya.
viii)Influx of trading company
>Example IBEACO GEACO BSACO
ix) Introduction of European language in Africa eg.Franco phase,Anglo phese,Luso phese
PARTITION OF EAST AFRICA
>The partition of East Africa was done through signing two treaties namely Delimitation treat of 1886 and Heligoland treat of 1890
A.DELIMINATION TREAT (First Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1886)
>This was agreement signed on October 1886 between British and Germany to occupy East Africa
>The two parts or power had agreed on the following
i) Sultan took Zanzibar,Pemba, Mafia and Lamu
ii) Germany took Tanganyika
iii) British took Uganda and Kenya
iv)Witu area in Kenya was taken by Germany
v) Sultan was added ten coastal from mainland except Dar es salaam
>These above are called terms/agreement/resolution/effects/impact of Delimitation treat 1886
B. HELIGOLAND TREAT (The second Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1890
>It was the second treat signed between British and Germany to occupation of EAST AFRICA.it took place in 1890.the results of this agreement were
i) Germany took Tanganyika,Rwada, and Burundi
ii) British took Kenya and Uganda
iii) Sultan took only Zanzibar
iv) Germany lost witu in Kenya
v) British was made a protectorate of Zanzibar
vi) Political boundaries were differed
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