The declaration was first accept by the TANU National executive committee on 29 January 1967 and officially published in February 5th 1967 in ARUSHA.
ARUSHA DECLARATION summerized Tanzania as commitment to socialism and significant role that it was to play in country development. The declaration called for the development economic system through African socialism and self reliance in locally administered village through villagication program.
UJAMAA POLICY
UJAMAA socialist ideology was a branch of Utopian socialism based on a "Tanzanian environment aiming at building a self reliant economy in Tanzania to overcome exploitation and influence of foreign power. It was a brand of Africanism of Tanzania.
It was ordained by the president of Tanzania Mwl. Julius Nyerere in Arusha declaration of 5th February 1967 as he state the policy of TANU(the ruling party) to build socialist state by prefered to as Ujamaa villagication, extended family which Mwl. Nyerere described as basic of African socialism.
REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF UJAMAA POLICY
- Need to attain self-reliance**. This was achieved Mass collectivesation policy through mass participation in economics activities and development on the available resource for development, the aim was to win economic and political independence by ending on foreign assistance.
- Promote good governance**.By checking on corruption and favouritism basing on religious ethical regional lines and through decentralization of authority by jiving power to regional and district authorities to allow mass decision making from the grassroots in the village.
- Eradicate poverty and Ignorance**. Those who major enermy of the country by Ujamaa would provide solution by providing enough social services such as health and education, also encouraging mass education health raised society income rather than individual income.
- Eradicate Imperialist influence in Tanzania**.By creating a socialist state and self sustaining economy, Tanzania would be able to eliminate foreign influence from capitalist power to ensure political independence on foreign assistance.
- Promote unit and solidarity**. Unity was be promoted by a single party system and Ujamaa villagers. As a result Tanzania was declared a single party state under TANU by Mwl. Nyerere
- Created balance development for all region**. Development was target majority of the population in rural areas to avoid urban centred development of the colonial type similar it targeted rural development of the colonial type. Similar it targeted rural development by providing encourage agricultural production to contracting rural-urban migration.
- Socialism was not new in Africa**. This was that social living was still evident in Africans daily lives through extended families and villages collectivasation before an pre colonial societies lived in social setting of kinship and clan organization the system which distared by colonialism as so to be with Ujamaa system.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF UJAMAA POLICY
- Agriculture development**Agriculture was the backbone of Ujamaa economy the government provide assistance of tools, better seeds and infrastructure through village cooperation to bust agriculture production and employment expanded.
- Creation of Ujamaa villages**. Government and party (TANU) official supervised. Mass movements of the rural population from their ancestral into new village sites for collectivisation.This was the core setup in the implementation of Ujamaa.
- Forced national unity**.National unity was strengthened by single party system and through Ujamaa villages encourage social living and collectivasation policies through cooperation.
- Land distribution among the people**. Land distribution was done through village cooperatives. This promoted agricultural production cooperatives and also reduce income inequalities.
- Nationalization of private enterprises**. Soon after Arusha declaration private companies all commercial bank and insurance were nationalized eg. Flour milling companies, and Import-export houses were nationalized.
- Improvement in provision of social services**. Such as transport facilities like road were extended to the Ujamaa village, rural -school were raised and literary levels rise 80% with introduction of Universal primary education, medical and clean water services were supplies for rural areas.
- Reduced income inequalities**. Income inequalities were checked by reduction of class differentiation of private property and villages collectivasation which raised rural income. Foristances income ratio between higher government salaries and minimum wage was reduced 6:1
- Adaption of single party system**. for example TANU it was only the political party and later from 1977 and 1992 CCM was only became new single political party for represent of TANU under leadership of Mwl. Nyerere.
COLLAPSE OF UJAMAA IDEOLOGY
- Economic crises of 1980's**. The crisis was caused Kagera war 1978-1979 by the debt and oil crises among others.The crises endangered the Tanzania economy and it's socialist approach. The example cause infrastructural destructions and loss of lives in Kagera region and government borrowed Millions dollar from USA to meet war costs.
- Corruption and embezzlements of public funds**.A lot of revenue was embezzlements by state officials consequently, there was low production which caused accute shortage of assential good and little assestance of Ujamaa village.
- Depende on foreign aid**.The government depended on foreign assistance from the socialist state like USSR and China and Scandinavian countries like Sweden and Denmark.Beside the provision of little aid, the country was phinged into debts and her independence threatened.
- The food crisis of 1973**.The crisis occured particularly as a result of forceful transfer of people to new village sites. Sometimes the village sites were remote and other dry were agriculture could hit by severe famine.
- The government did not considere the true village needs and as results village remained lacking essential needs like healthy,infrastructure, education and forms implement.
- Decline of the Soviet union and cold war**. This was defended and materially supported to Socialist countries in the world including Tanzania her political and economic decline was a hearly blow to Tanzania.
- Bad implementation of the society policy**.A strong economic diverstification on Tanzania could not overcome foreign influence, together with that destruction of an cestral home and forceful Mass movement of rural population to the Ujamaa villages site was not welcomed by my people
- Foreign capitalist powers**. This Powers was hostile to the ideology as it had a socialist native and therefore Tanzania was not warmly welcomed in capitalist world by USA and did not receive enough aid for her development project (Ujamaa)
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